hyperfine.implantation.electronic_stopping.proton_stopping_cross_section_low_energy

hyperfine.implantation.electronic_stopping.proton_stopping_cross_section_low_energy(T: Sequence[float], A_1: Annotated[float, slice(0, None, None)]) → Sequence[float]

Low-energy proton electronic stopping cross section in the ‘low-energy’ region.

Empirical Varelas-Biersack parameterization of the proton electronic stopping cross section for scaled energies \(T < 10\) keV.

See Eq. (3.2) in: https://doi.org/10.1093/jicru_os25.2.18

Parameters:

• T – Scaled projectile energy (keV).

• A_1 – Empirical stopping coefficient \(A_{2}\) (10^-15 eV cm² atom^-1 keV^-0.5).

Returns:

The proton stopping cross section at scaled energy \(T\) (10^-15 eV cm² atom^-1).